Crushing jaws and anvils for rockcrushing machines



Dec. 17, 1957 L. w. JOHNSON 2,816,71 7

CRUSHING JAWS AND ANVILS FOR ROCK-CRUSHING MACHINES Filed May 7, 1956INVENTORQ LOUIS W. JOHNSON United States Patent CRUSHING JAWS AND ANVILSFOR ROCK- CRUSHING MACHINES Louis W. Johnson, Eugene, Oreg.

Application May 7, 1956, Serial No. 583,17 8

4 Claims. (Cl. 241-300) This invention relates to rock crushing machinesand more particularly to the movable crushing jaw and cooperating anvilor anvils thereof and the structure, the mounting, and the method ofusing steel cheeks or wear plates associated with the crushing jaw andanvil or anvils.

In all other rock crushing machines that I am aware of wear plates areheld in compression against their respective crushing jaws and anvils bymeans of adjustable clamping members, wedges, bolts and the like toresist migration of the metal of the wear plates caused by the peeningaction of rocks against the plates. The resultant progressivelyincreasing compression of the plates in operation, resisted only bytheir clamped, wedged or bolted attachment, causes a natural outwarddeflection or bowing from their corners. Thus the plates with their rearsurfaces out of facial contact with their supports will yieldinglypulsate under the pressure of each crushing stroke. Continued flexing ofthe plates, until final breakage due to metal fatigue, will, of course,loosen their means of attachment and require frequent tightening whichonly aggravates the condition and results in frequent bolt breakage.

Moreover, the erosion of the crushing jaw and anvil or anvils, caused bythe pulsations of their respective wear plates, causes severe damage andrenders the fitting of new plates almost impossible. The springlikeaction of deflected plates reduces the capacity of the crushing machine,the speed of its crushing action and consequently the rapid passage ofrock through the machine.

Accordingly, it is one of the principal objects of my invention toobviate the defects above pointed out by providing crushing jaws andanvils with wear plates and means for mounting the same which will atall times maintain the plates in tension and in secure facial contactwith their respective supporting surfaces. Thus any bowing or deflectionof the plates is positively prevented since the tensile stresses appliedto the plates by said mounting means will be in the direction of metalmigration caused by the peening action of the rocks instead of inopposition thereto as aforesaid.

The foregoing and other objects will appear as my invention is morefully hereinafter described in the following specification, illustratedin the accompanying drawing, and finally pointed out in the appendedclaims.

In the accompanying drawing:

Figure 1 is a side view of a rock crushing machine with a fragment ofone of its side walls broken away to illustrate normally stationaryanvils and a crushing jaw each equipped with wear plates mounted thereonin accordance with my invention. In Figure l the machine structure,although in general accord with that disclosed in my United StatesPatent No. 2,701,107, issued February 1, 1955, is intended for anydouble-acting crusher to which the invention is applicable.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale of atypical tensioning means for the top end of the wear plates of theanvils shown in Figure 1.

' 2,816,717 Patented Dec. '17; "1957 2 Figures 3 and 4 are side viewsrespectively of a rock crushing machine of the overhead eccentric singletoggle type and of the double toggle swing jaw type in each of which thewear plates are attached to the anvil'and crushing jaw in accordancewith my invention.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale of typicaltensioning means for the wear plates of the crushing jaws and anvils ofthe machines shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 illustrating a modified form oftensioning means.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing: In Figure 1 referencenumeral 1 generally indicates a rock crushing machine in which a movablecrushing jaw 2 operates between normally stationary anvils 3, crushingagainst one anvil while receding from the other and against the otheranvil While receding from the first. The two anvils, their wear platesand tensioning means being identical, a description of one will s'ufiicefor both. Each wear plate 4 is undercut as at 5 along its bottom edgefor secure engagement with the complementary undercut 6 along the bottomportion of the anvil 3. The top edge of each wear plate is also undercutas at 7 for engagement with the hook shaped end 8 of any desired numberof jacks indicated generally at 9 (see also Figure 2) and spaced apartalong the top edge of the anvil 3 which is downwardly and inwardlyinclined from an outwardly extending flange 10. Each jack is in the formof a bent lever 11 of the first order, hook shaped at one of its ends asaforesaid, apertured as at 12 near its outer end and provided on itsunderside with a nodule 13 by means of which the lever is pivotallyattached to the top edge of the anvil 3 by means of a recess 14 formedtherein and which establishes the fulcrum for the lever. The top end ofthe aperture 12 is counterbored to form a cupshaped recess 15 as is alsoat 16 the bottom end of an aligned aperture 17 in the flange 10.correspondingly shaped aligning washers 18 and 19 are disposedrespectively in the recesses 15 and 16 to accommodate an actuating bolt20 extending through the apertures 12 and 17. As the nut 21 of each bolt20 is advanced on its threads the reaction of the fulcrum 13-14 of itsrespective lever 11 will apply tensile stress to the wear plate. Thetensile stresses can be applied at various points by actuating selectedlevers or entirely across the wear plate by actuat ing all the levers,thus assuring at all times complete facial contact of the wear plateswith their respective anvils. Opposite faces 22 of the crushing jaw 2are provided with identical wear plates 23 each undercut as at 24 alongits bottom edge for secure engagement with complementary undercuts 25along the bottom edge of the crushing jaw. The top edges of the wearplates are undercut as at 26 for engagement with correspondinglyupwardly diverging arms 27 of any desired number of jacks each of whosemain body 28 bears against the top edge of the jaw 2 as shown. Twoscrews 29-30 extend through the body of the jack and which when advancedon their threads will force the jack upwardly to apply the desiredtensile stresses to the wear plates at selected intervals or entirelyalong the top edge of the wear plates. If desired or necessary a greateramount of tensile stress can be applied to one wear plate than to theother by merely advancing one of the screws 29-30 on its threads agreater distance than the other. Any approved type of protective jackcover 31 can be removably secured to the crushing jaw by bolts (notshown) extending between the jacks and into the top edge of the crushingjaw.

The anvils 32-32A of the machines shownin Figures 3 and 4 are providedwith wear plates 33-33A secured in place along their bottom edges in thesame manner as those in Figure 1. The top edge of each wear plate isundercut as at 34-34A for engagement with the upwardly turned end 35 ofany desired number of identical jacks .36 ,(see Figure 5.) arranged inspaced relation along the top edge of their respective anvil. Each jackcomprises a straight lever 37 of the third order wherein the power isapplied by a screw 38 between the load or wear plate 3333A and thefulcrum established by the pivotal attachment 39-40 of the lever to abracket 41 welded to or cast integral with its respective anvil. Thewear plates 42-42A are undercut a at 4343A along their top edges forengagement with undercuts 44-44A across the face of their respectivecrusher jaws 454-5A. The bottom edge of each wear plate is undercut'asshown for engagement with jacks 36A--36B identical with the jacks 36 forthe wear plate of the anvils.

In the modified form of tensioning means shown in Figure 6 46 indicatesthe fulcrum point for the lever 47 whose one end engages within theundercut 48 of the wear plate 49 and whose opposite end is apertured asat 50, counterbored as at 51 and provided with an aligning washer 52 toaccommodate a nut 53 on one end of an actuating bolt 54 extendingthrough the aperture 50 and an aligned aperture 55 through a projection56 of an anvil or of a crushing jaw.

All of the wear plates hereinabove referred to are preferably ofmanganese steel and from the detailed description of the novel manner inwhich they are mounted and thereby held in constant tension it will beapparent that I have overcome the deficiencies of rock crushing machinesI am aware of as above discussed.

While I have shown particular forms of embodiment of my invention I amaware that many minor changes therein will readily suggest themselves toothers skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention. Having thus described my invention what I claim as newand desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

I claim:

1. In a rock crushing machine having a crushing jaw cooperating with ananvil. a wear plate attached to each of the opposing faces of thecrushing jaw and the anvil, and adjustable tensioning means carried bythe crushing jaw and by the anvil for applying tensile stresses to theirrespective wear plates and maintaining said plates in tension in thedirection of metal migration caused by the peening action of rocks beingcrushed between the jaw and anvil.

2. in a rock crushing machine having a movable crushing jaw cooperatingwith a stationary anvil, a wear plate engaged along one of its edges toone edge of the anvil, a wear plate engaged along one of its edges toone edge of the crushing jaw, and adjustable tensioning means carried bythe crushing jaw and by the anvil and engaged with the opposite edge oftheir respective wear plates for applying tensile stresses thereto andmaintaining said plates in tension in the direction of metal migrationcaused by the pecning action of rocks being crushed between the jaw andanvil.

3. A crushing jaw and anvil and wear plates therefor as in claim 2,wherein said tensioning means comprises a lever pivotally attached nearone of its ends to its respective jaw or anvil and engaged at said endwith its respective wear plate and adjustably interconnected at itsopposite end with its respective jaw or anvil whereby the fulcrumreaction of said lever about said pivotal attachment upon movement ofsaid opposite end of the lever in one direction will apply tensilestresses to its respective wear plate in an opposite direction.

4. In a double-acting rock crushing machine having a crushing jawoperating between normally stationary anvils, a wear plate attached toeach side of said crushing jaw, tensioning means carried by the crushingjaw for simultaneously applying tensile stresses to both of said wearplates in the direction of metal migration caused by the peening actionof rocks being crushed, a wear plate attached to each of said anvils andopposing said wear plates of. the crushing jaw, and tensioning meanscarried by said anvils for applying tensile stresses to their respectivewear plates and maintaining said plates in tension in the direction ofmetal migration caused by the peening action of rocks being crushed bythe crushing jaw.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

